Supplies Needed:
Viable seeds
Soilless potting mix
Sterilized or new seedling inserts
Pencil or dowel
Plant labels
Humidity dome or large plastic bag

Other Recommended Supplies
Circulation fan
Seedling heat mat
Grow lights

Step 1: Select your seeds and read the seed packet directions.
Buying fresh seeds is the first step - key is quality! Check the packaged date stamped on your seed envelope to make sure that your seeds are the freshest they can be. Find out how deep the seeds should be planted, what temperature is needed to grow the seedling, and the days to maturity. Use the days to maturity, and count back the days from the typical last frost date in your area. This is when you should plant your seeds. Some need to be planted months in advance while some seeds mature within a couple weeks. TIP: If the seeds are old, make sure they are viable by soaking two paper towels with water and placing a few seeds between the towels. Wait a few days and see if they germinate. If nothing happens, start with a new packet of seeds.

Step 2: Prepare your containers
Choose a container to start your seeds in. Egg cartons, peat pots and special seed-starting flats all work well. Make sure you punch holes in the bottom for drainage and if necessary sterilize your containers. If you are reusing pots from a previous planting, soak the container in a bleach/water mixture (1 part bleach to 10 parts water), scrub and rinse thoroughly with hot water.

Step 3: Choose your soilless potting mixture.
Do not use soil from your garden – you run the risk of introducing disease to your seedlings! Be leary of a potting mix may have too much fertilizer in it which could burn the seeds. Purchase a soilless garden soil mixture that is well aerated or consider using coco fiber. Wet the soil mixture with lukewarm water so it is damp but not soaking. Fill each seed cell with soil and make sure the soil is tamped down and evenly spread throughout the cell. TIP: You can use the bottom of another tray to tamp down the soil.

Step 4: Plant the seed at the proper depth.
To bury the seed, use a pencil or your finger to make a hole at the required soil depth. Drop in the seed and fill the hole with soil. Gently compress the soil over the seeds to make sure the seed is coming into contact with the moist soil. When planting indoors your seeds may be lightly scattered with soil and do not not require deeper planting.

Step 5: Cover your seeds.
Once the seeds are planted, carefully place the seed tray in a large plastic bag and twist the end shut or cover the tray with a humidity dome. This will help to hold in the moisture during these first days of germination. Check under the plastic every day, and as soon as the seedlings start to poke through the soil, remove the plastic and move the plants to a sunny location or for the best results, place the seedlings under grow lights. If you are using a humidity dome instead of a plastic bag it is important to ventilate your seedlings as well. You can easily prop up one end of the dome with either straws or skewers.

Hints to help keep your seedlings thriving!

• Keep the temperature consistent
  The soil temperature of the seedlings should be kept the same throughout the day and night (generally about 65-75 degrees). Some ways to help maintain the temperature are to keep the seedlings on a seed heat mat or some other heat source like the top of the refrigerator. Bottom heat encourages vigorous root growth - Happy Roots = Happy Plants.

• Use grow lights
  Soon after the seedlings emerge, they will be looking for light to help them grow. Without adequate light, the seedlings will get long and spindly. Adding a grow light will help your seeds continue to flourish. Fluorescent lights are very popular because they give off very little heat. The light can be put just inches above the seeds, so they can get as much light as possible. Fluorescents are also very energy efficient to run. The grow lights should be kept on about 16 hours each day. If you don't have a grow light a sunny window will work fine.

• Water with lukewarm water
  Watering can be a touchy issue with new seedlings. You don’t want them to dry out yet you don’t want to over-water them either. Water them with tepid water so the water will more quickly evaporate so they do not sit in soggy cold soil which leaves them vulnerable to fungal diseases. Bottom wattering is ideal as it makes for healthier growth and prevents damping off.

• Fertilize your seeds
  Once your seedlings have used up their energy reserve from the seed pods, they will need a supplementary food source (soilless potting mixture has no nutrients). When your seedlings first true leaves have emerged, it is time to begin a half-strength liquid fertilizer regimen on a weekly basis. It is important to start the fertilizer within 72 hours of their first leaves.

• Provide ventilation to the seedlings
  To promote good air circulation, place a small fan near your seedlings. Keep the fan on low and direct the air so it blows across the soil level where air can get stagnant. Adding air circulation will help prevent damping off and help keep your plants from getting leggy.

Before long, your seeds will be ready to transplant into the garden or a bigger pot. See our information about transplanting for helpful transplanting hints!